Born: Octover 2, 1869 in Porbandar, Bombay Presidency, British IndiaDied: Assassinated on January 30, 1948 in New Dehli, Union of IndiaParents: Putlibai Gandhi and Karamchand GandhiSpouse: Katsurba GandhiChildren: Harilal, Manilala, Ramdas, & Devdas GandhiEducation: Salmadas College; University of LondonOccupation: lawyer, petition drafter, political and ideological leaderMohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 to Putlibai and Karamchand Gandhi in Porbandar, British India. Better known as Mahatma, or "great soul", Gandhi grew up in a vegetarian, Hindu home with parents he remembered as being "brave, truthful, and incorruptable". At age six, he moved to Rajkot, and ran away from fear of ridicule over his poor school performance. Seven years later, he married Katsurba, a thirteen year old girl. Even though Gandhi grew up to be one of the most influencial men in India, his teenage years were out of character; he even stole gold jewelry from his brother. At age sixteen, his father died, and almost three years later on September 4th, 1888, after quitting Samaldas College, he went to study law in England at the University of London. There he studied to be a lawyer, passed his exams, and set back for India at age 21. Soon after, he received a contract to practice law in South Africa, a British territory. Seeing how poorly the Indians there were treated, he stayed for 21 years working to acheive equal rights. He coined the term "satyagraha"- or peaceful, nonviolent protest. Among the beliefs Gandhi fought for were Indian rights, independence, and peace between Muslims and Hindus. He was jailed for seven years, but India eventually gained independence in 1947. Gandhi was later assassinated on January 30, 1948 in New Delhi by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu who didn't support his religious tolerance. ** 4.) "What is humanity's proper relationship to animals? Should humans dominate the animal world and use animals as they deem appropriate? Or do animals, which cannot speak or defend themselves against humans, have a fundamental right to live out their lives without human interference" http://www.2facts.com/icof_story.aspx?PIN=i0103370&term=act+of+disobedience this link leads to the rest and is an actual article of the act of disobedience
"5. The Salt MarchGandhi led the Dandi March on March 30, 1930, to protest the British tax on salt in India.
6) " In the 1920s, Pullman porters--all black Americans, employed on the railway sleeping cars--had to work 400 hours a month for a salary of $67.50 and had no assured rest periods between runs. In 1925, impressed by Randolph's speaking and activism, a group of porters asked him to organize an independent labor union. The Pullman Company had forced them to join a company-controlled union. As he was not a Pullman employee he could not be fired or harassed by the company. With help from a liberal foundation, the Garland Fund, Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which attracted more than 50% of the porters as members. In 1928 the Brotherhood joined the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Yet the union had been unable to win recognition from the Pullman Company or the Federal Railway Mediation Board. With the aid of William Green, president of the AFL, Randolph got the Railroad Transportation Act amended to cover the Pullman porters. On August 15, 1937 (the union's 12th anniversary), the Brotherhood and the Pullman Company signed the first contract between an American corporation and a black union. The contract cut the work month by almost half and provided for a significant increase in wages." http://decades.sirs.com/decadesweb/decades/do/reference?urn=urn%3Abigchalk%3AUS%3BBCLib%3Bdocument%3B48801538 this is a link to the rest of the opposing view of the act of disobedience "The conflicting factions that plagued the Indian National Congress in the early 20th century were unified under the leadership of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in the 1920s.\ Gandhi's vision and prestige brought him to the forefront as the leading advocate of self-rule in India. Drawing inspiration especially from the writings of the Russian Leo Tolstoy and from Henry David Thoreau's celebrated essay "Civil Disobedience," Gandhi fashioned a campaign of passive resistance and civil disobedience thathe called satyagraha, from the Sanskrit for "truth and firmness." http://www.2facts.com/icof_story.aspx?PIN=wzcs00890&term=1920s+article+of+disobedience 7. Gandhi returned back to India in 1914, when they were a part of the British Empire. He wanted to try and help them get their independence back since the British were basically taking advantage of the Indians, ruling them for their own benefit. Another reason they wanted to be seperated was because the Muslims wanted to be able to practice their religion by themselves in peace and without having anyone objecting to their beliefs. He tried breaking free from the British Empire by leading civil disobedience and non-violent acts (although he was put into jail for his acts on this purpose many times.) The one tactic that Gandhi used the most and ended up being the most successful, was acting in disobedience towards authority such as police, but while not using any physical opposition. The struggle and fight for independence lasted long through World War II. In 1947 India finally got their independence from Britiain by strong negotiating. 8. Many times Gandhi was arrested for his outrageous acts in both India and South Africa, and spent a total of seven years in prison for this. He believed going to jail for acting out on an important cause was a good thing. Some of the laws he broke which landed him in jail were 9. Gandhi was a person who performed many acts of civil disobedience. In 1932 he performed one of these acts. In this year Gandhi started campaigns to break away from Britian. This act is an act of civil disobedience because Gandhi got arrested twice just so his people could break away from Britian. Even in jail he contiued to work on this goal being selfless and caring only about his people. As you can see this man was very determined and wanted change. What he wanted to change and achieve was to get out of the control of the British government. Gandhi did achieve getting away from the British government. Finally British let the Untouchables to be considered as a separate part of the Indian electorate. 10. "If... the machine of government... is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law." What this quote is really saying is government is supposed to be this perfect thing that is fair however u real life its something thats corrupt and the people need to fix it. What its saying is if the government is being injust its up to the people to break the law and fix it. This is exactly what Ghandi did. Ghandi saw that it was injust that the British government was controling it's people. So he went against the government which was against the law and he got arrested. However he knew it was the right thing to do, sometimes doing the right thing may get you it in trouble, you may have to "break the law" for justice. 11. Ghandi had strong beliefs. He was also a strong person so he acted on those beliefs. As much as people started to respect Gandi these beliefs also got him in trouble. Ghandi was jailed for his beliefs. He was arrested not only once but twice. In jail he contiued to work out his beliefs and achieve his goals. Once he was finally set free from jail he also continued his goals and admirations. 12. Gandhi was a humanitarian; he cared completely for all people and was just an overall good person trying to do well for others. Gandhi was the leader of the Independence movement from the British Empire. Gandhi's effort had a big impact on people both back then and now. During those times it impacted people because 13. Some people that were affected by Gandhi's independence movement throughout history are 14. Gandhi’s principles, especially of satyagraha, have influenced many other people and their works throughout history and are still affecting people today. Before becoming president, Senator Barack Obama said, “"Throughout my life, I have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration, because he embodies the kind of transformational change that can be made when ordinary people come together to do extraordinary things. That is why his portrait hangs in my Senate office: to remind me that real results will come not just from Washington – they will come from the people." In 2007, the English National Opera opened the opera “Satyagraha” by Philip Glass, which was a “contemplation of Gandhi’s concept of non-violence”, which was also later put on DVD and sold. As well as this, many speeches made by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. were influenced by Gandhi: “The whole concept of Satyagraha (Satya is truth which equals love, and agraha is force; Satyagraha, therefore, means truth force or love force) was profoundly significant to me. As I delved deeper into the philosophy of Gandhi, my skepticism concerning the power of love gradually diminished, and I came to see for the first time its potency in the area of social reform. ... It was in this Gandhian emphasis on love and nonviolence that I discovered the method for social reform that I had been seeking.”These are not the only examples; Nelson Mandela, Albert Einstein, John Lennon’s music, and Al Gore all were influenced by Gandhi. Gandhi has influenced many works and will continue to influence them in the future. *** 15. What did Gandhi want to change ? Why was arrested? mandie's journal 16.) Gandhi's journal for part 2 Dear Journal Hello my name is Gandhi. If you want to stand up for what you believe in should you be arrested and jailed? I believe that is very wrong. So I was trying to get away from england . I have a lot of people that follow my beliefs. I do not want to cause any trouble. I am a peaceful man and do not want to cause any trouble to anybody. Currently, I have commited an act of disobedience but I only did it for a good reason. I did not do it for any other motive. - Gandhi
Dear Journal, Well guess what I am in jail now. Being in jail has made me very alone. Remember when I was talking about if you stand up for something you belive in should you be arrested and jailed for what I believed in. I commited an act of disobedience but again it was for a good reason. It seems that in their own eyes they believed that i am just any other criminal that commited any other crime. Well in my eyes I know that is not what I see. I just hope that I will be out of jail soon. I will keep you updated. - Gandhi
Dear Journal, I decided to read the newspaper today. While I was reading I saw a section and it was about what I did to get in jail but for a good reason. My followers believed what I did was the right thing to do. I have gotten a lot of credit for this. I hope to get out of jail soon. You know maybe because of this the people who put me in jail will realized wha they did was wrong . Hopefully I will get out of jail soon. -Ganhi
Dear Journal,
After I have been in jail for a number of years in both South Africa and India. I have been finally, released. I have been in jailed for quit some time and I am glad to be released. I am not sure wat my plans are for the future yet . Since I have been in jail for years I think I will see my family and followers soon. I am just glad I am out of jail. - Gandhi
2GabbyH
3PeterM
4AshleyT
Mohandas Gandhi
1.) http://sks.sirs.com/cgi-bin/hst-article-display?id=SCT0717-0-6331&artno=0000272742&type=ART&shfilter=U&key=1920s%20act%20of%20disobedience&title=Civil%20Rights%20Timeline&res=Y&ren=N&gov=N&lnk=N&ic=N this is a link to question 1, but it is only one part of the first question
http://www.best-otr.com/mp3/X%20-%20Blue%20Sky%20Boys%20-%20Little%20Bessie1930s%20.mp3 this is a link to a sample music go to little bessie
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xr7w3rPIBh8 a 1920s movie clip
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=senXvAJWxgw a 1920s newsreel
2.
4.) "What is humanity's proper relationship to animals? Should humans dominate the animal world and use animals as they deem appropriate? Or do animals, which cannot speak or defend themselves against humans, have a fundamental right to live out their lives without human interference" http://www.2facts.com/icof_story.aspx?PIN=i0103370&term=act+of+disobedience this link leads to the rest and is an actual article of the act of disobedience
"
this is a link to the rest of the opposing view of the act of disobedience
"The conflicting factions that plagued the Indian National Congress in the early 20th century were unified under the leadership of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi in the 1920s.\
Gandhi's vision and prestige brought him to the forefront as the leading advocate of self-rule in India. Drawing inspiration especially from the writings of the Russian Leo Tolstoy and from Henry David Thoreau's celebrated essay "Civil Disobedience," Gandhi fashioned a campaign of passive resistance and civil disobedience that he called satyagraha, from the Sanskrit for "truth and firmness." http://www.2facts.com/icof_story.aspx?PIN=wzcs00890&term=1920s+article+of+disobedience
7. Gandhi returned back to India in 1914, when they were a part of the British Empire. He wanted to try and help them get their independence back since the British were basically taking advantage of the Indians, ruling them for their own benefit. Another reason they wanted to be seperated was because the Muslims wanted to be able to practice their religion by themselves in peace and without having anyone objecting to their beliefs. He tried breaking free from the British Empire by leading civil disobedience and non-violent acts (although he was put into jail for his acts on this purpose many times.) The one tactic that Gandhi used the most and ended up being the most successful, was acting in disobedience towards authority such as police, but while not using any physical opposition. The struggle and fight for independence lasted long through World War II. In 1947 India finally got their independence from Britiain by strong negotiating.
8. Many times Gandhi was arrested for his outrageous acts in both India and South Africa, and spent a total of seven years in prison for this. He believed going to jail for acting out on an important cause was a good thing. Some of the laws he broke which landed him in jail were
9. Gandhi was a person who performed many acts of civil disobedience. In 1932 he performed one of these acts. In this year Gandhi started campaigns to break away from Britian. This act is an act of civil disobedience because Gandhi got arrested twice just so his people could break away from Britian. Even in jail he contiued to work on this goal being selfless and caring only about his people. As you can see this man was very determined and wanted change. What he wanted to change and achieve was to get out of the control of the British government. Gandhi did achieve getting away from the British government. Finally British let the Untouchables to be considered as a separate part of the Indian electorate.
10. "If... the machine of government... is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law." What this quote is really saying is government is supposed to be this perfect thing that is fair however u real life its something thats corrupt and the people need to fix it. What its saying is if the government is being injust its up to the people to break the law and fix it. This is exactly what Ghandi did. Ghandi saw that it was injust that the British government was controling it's people. So he went against the government which was against the law and he got arrested. However he knew it was the right thing to do, sometimes doing the right thing may get you it in trouble, you may have to "break the law" for justice.
11. Ghandi had strong beliefs. He was also a strong person so he acted on those beliefs. As much as people started to respect Gandi these beliefs also got him in trouble. Ghandi was jailed for his beliefs. He was arrested not only once but twice. In jail he contiued to work out his beliefs and achieve his goals. Once he was finally set free from jail he also continued his goals and admirations.
12. Gandhi was a humanitarian; he cared completely for all people and was just an overall good person trying to do well for others. Gandhi was the leader of the Independence movement from the British Empire. Gandhi's effort had a big impact on people both back then and now. During those times it impacted people because
13. Some people that were affected by Gandhi's independence movement throughout history are
14. Gandhi’s principles, especially of satyagraha, have influenced many other people and their works throughout history and are still affecting people today. Before becoming president, Senator Barack Obama said, “"Throughout my life, I have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration, because he embodies the kind of transformational change that can be made when ordinary people come together to do extraordinary things. That is why his portrait hangs in my Senate office: to remind me that real results will come not just from Washington – they will come from the people." In 2007, the English National Opera opened the opera “Satyagraha” by Philip Glass, which was a “contemplation of Gandhi’s concept of non-violence”, which was also later put on DVD and sold. As well as this, many speeches made by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. were influenced by Gandhi: “The whole concept of Satyagraha (Satya is truth which equals love, and agraha is force; Satyagraha, therefore, means truth force or love force) was profoundly significant to me. As I delved deeper into the philosophy of Gandhi, my skepticism concerning the power of love gradually diminished, and I came to see for the first time its potency in the area of social reform. ... It was in this Gandhian emphasis on love and nonviolence that I discovered the method for social reform that I had been seeking.”These are not the only examples; Nelson Mandela, Albert Einstein, John Lennon’s music, and Al Gore all were influenced by Gandhi. Gandhi has influenced many works and will continue to influence them in the future. * * *
15. What did Gandhi want to change ?
Why was
arrested?
mandie's journal
16.) Gandhi's journal for part 2
Dear Journal
Hello my name is Gandhi. If you want to stand up for what you believe in should you be arrested and jailed? I believe that is very wrong. So I was trying to get away from england . I have a lot of people that follow my beliefs. I do not want to cause any trouble. I am a peaceful man and do not want to cause any trouble to anybody. Currently, I have commited an act of disobedience but I only did it for a good reason. I did not do it for any other motive. - Gandhi
Dear Journal,
Well guess what I am in jail now. Being in jail has made me very alone. Remember when I was talking about if you stand up for something you belive in should you be arrested and jailed for what I believed in. I commited an act of disobedience but again it was for a good reason. It seems that in their own eyes they believed that i am just any other criminal that commited any other crime. Well in my eyes I know that is not what I see. I just hope that I will be out of jail soon. I will keep you updated. - Gandhi
Dear Journal,
I decided to read the newspaper today. While I was reading I saw a section and it was about what I did to get in jail but for a good reason. My followers believed what I did was the right thing to do. I have gotten a lot of credit for this. I hope to get out of jail soon. You know maybe because of this the people who put me in jail will realized wha they did was wrong . Hopefully I will get out of jail soon. -Ganhi
Dear Journal,
After I have been in jail for a number of years in both South Africa and India. I have been finally, released. I have been in jailed for quit some time and I am glad to be released. I am not sure wat my plans are for the future yet . Since I have been in jail for years I think I will see my family and followers soon. I am just glad I am out of jail. - Gandhi
Gabby's Journals